How we estimate transport emissions

This calculator estimates transport emissions with transparent formulas and fixed emission factors.
The result is an approximation designed to compare transport choices.

Paper

Choose methodology type

Switch between individual and business methodology to view the relevant formulas and emission factors.

Public transport

CO2 = Distance × Emission factor

Distance is entered in kilometers. Emission factors are expressed either as g/km or g/passenger-km depending on transport mode.

Private transport

CO2 = Distance × Emission factor Passengers

For private modes, emissions are allocated per passenger.

Emission factors

Private transport

Transport mode Emission factor
Car (petrol) 162 g/km
Car (diesel) 158 g/km
Car (electric) 37 g/km
Motorcycle (petrol) 111 g/km
Motorcycle (electric) 23 g/km

Public transport

Transport mode Emission factor
Bybane 4 g/passenger-km
Bus (diesel) 102 g/passenger-km
Bus (electric) 21 g/passenger-km
Train (diesel) 91 g/passenger-km
Train (electric) 7 g/passenger-km
Airplane (economy) 80–100 g/passenger-km
Airplane (business) 200–400 g/passenger-km
Airplane size (small) 120–180 g/passenger-km
Airplane size (medium) 80–110 g/passenger-km
Airplane size (large) 70–100 g/passenger-km
Ferry (diesel) 180–220 g/passenger-km
Ferry (LNG natural gas) 150–165 g/passenger-km

Walking & cycling

Transport mode Emission factor
Walking 0 g/km
Bicycle (traditional) 5–12 g/km
Bicycle (electric) 13–22 g/km